Pulmonary infections in the returned traveller

Pneumonia

Table 3 Causes of pulmonary infections associated with specific geographical areas

Geographical Area	Common	Occasional	Rare but important
Sub-Saharan Africa	HIV-associated pulmonary infections, TB	Katayama syndrome, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (Wuchereia bancrofti), Loeffler’s syndrome (hookworm, strongyloides) hydatidosis	Histoplasmosis, pneumonic plague, paragonomiasis
North Africa, Middle East and Mediterranean		Q fever, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (Wuchereia bancrofti) Loeffler’s syndrome (hookworm, ascariasis, strongyloides) hydatidosis, toxocariasis	MERS
Eastern Europe and Scandinavia	Legionellosis	Pertussis, toxocariasis	Hantavirus, tularemia
South and Central Asia	diphtheria, TB, avian flu	Melioidosis, Loeffler’s syndrome (hookworm, ascariasis, strongyloides) hydatidosis	Nipah virus
Southeast Asia	avian flu	Melioidosis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (Brugia malayi), Loeffler’s syndrome (strongyloides, hookworm), leptospirosis, diphtheria	SARS, hantavirus, Nipah virus, dirofilariasis, Katayama syndrome, paragonomiasis
Northern Australia		Q fever	Melioidosis, dirofilarisis, pertussis
Latin America and Caribbean		Coccidioidomycosis histoplasmosis, leptospirosis, diphtheria, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (Wuchereia bancrofti), Loeffler’s syndrome (ascariasis, strongyloides), hydatidosis, toxocariasis	Hantavirus, dirofilariasis
North America	Legionellosis, pertussis, diphtheria	Coccidioidomycosis histoplasmosis, toxocariasis	Dirofilariasis, Q fever

HIV human immunodeficiency virus, SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, TB tuberculosis

ISSN: 2200-6133