Table 3 Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) estimates of pneumonia in children 0–4 years of age in countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa region shown as national level totals (incidence) and by causative pathogens; estimates of the number of new severe episodes (according to WHO’s definition) in the year 2010 that require hospitalisations, shown as national level totals (severe episodes, all ALRI) and by causative pathogens; and estimates of the number of child deaths attributable to pneumonia in 2011 (mortality, all ALRI) and the proportion of deaths caused by causative pathogens.

All ALRI

36,412,108

0.271 (0.213–0.338)^a

100

Of which:

   Streptococcus pneumoniae

2,575,393

0.019 (0.015–0.022)

7.1

   Haemophilus influenzae type b

780,756

0.006 (0.003–0.006)

2.1

   Respiratory syncytial virus

10,501,165

0.078 (0.061–0.090)

28.8

   Influenza virus

6,215,546

0.046 (0.056–0.053)

17.1

Other cause estimates not available

Severe ALRI (severe morbidity)

4,166,781

0.031 (0.018–0.036)

100

Of which:

   Streptococcus pneumoniae

761,241

0.006 (0.004–0.007)

18

   Haemophilus influenzae type b

130,134

0.001 (0.0005–0.001)

3

   Respiratory syncytial virus

558,669

0.004 (0.003–0.005)

13

   Influenza virus

171,931

0.001 (0.001–0.002)

4

Other cause estimates not available

ALRI Deaths (morbidity)

531,451

0.004 (0.002–0.005)

100

Of which:

   Streptococcus pneumoniae

173,896

0.0013 (0.001–0.002)

33

   Haemophilus influenzae type b

42,404

0.0003 (0.0001–0.0004)

8

Other cause estimates not available