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Table 4 Significant comparisons between anti- to pro-inflammatory cytokine ratios according to the severity of the disease (Panel A) and the presence of severe sepsis (Panel B) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

From: Serum and exhaled breath condensate inflammatory cytokines in community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

Cytokine ratio Cytokine level (pg/ml) p-value
Panel A
  Severe CAP Non severe CAP  
Serum    
 IL-4/IL-8 0.03 (0.01–0.15) 0.12 (0.04–0.22) 0.038
 IL-4/IFNγ 0.90 (0.02–2.16) 1.64 (0.31–4.09) 0.047
 IL-4/IL-1 1.20 (0.32–1.35) 1.60 (1.15–2.34) 0.001
 IL-4/IL-1b 1.26 (0.47–1.77) 1.60 (1.20–2.24) 0.035
 IL-10/IL-8 0.05 (0.02–0.16) 0.12 (0.05–0.20) 0.048
Exhaled breath condensate
 IL-4/IL-1b 1.94 (1.72–2.26) 2.37 (2.02–3.36) 0.044
 IL-10/IL-2 0.00 (0.00–0.29) 0.35 (0.25–0.47) 0.005
 IL-10/IL-6 0.00 (0.00–0.00) 3.02 (0.58–3.82) 0.016
 IL-10/IL-8 0.00 (0.00–0.41) 0.75 (0.19–1.72) 0.002
Panel B
  Severe sepsis Non severe sepsis  
Serum    
 IL-4/IL-6 0.01 (0.00–0.04) 0.07 (0.02–0.17) 0.000
 IL-4/IL-8 0.03 (0.00–0.10) 0.12 (0.06–0.21) 0.002
 IL-4/IL-1 1.23 (0.15–1.61) 1.55 (1.10–2.32) 0.006
 IL-10/IL-6 0.01 (0.00–0.07) 0.05 (0.02–0.12) 0.017
 IL-10/IL-8 0.03 (0.01–0.18) 0.12 (0.05–0.19) 0.039
Exhaled breath condensate
 IL-10/IL-2 0.00 (0.00–0.21) 0.38 (0.26–0.48) 0.000
  1. Data presented as median (interquartile range)
  2. IL interleukin, IFN interferon
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Pneumonia

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