Table 4 Significant comparisons between anti- to pro-inflammatory cytokine ratios according to the severity of the disease (Panel A) and the presence of severe sepsis (Panel B) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Cytokine ratio | Cytokine level (pg/ml) | p-value | |
Panel A | |||
Severe CAP | Non severe CAP | ||
Serum | |||
IL-4/IL-8 | 0.03 (0.01–0.15) | 0.12 (0.04–0.22) | 0.038 |
IL-4/IFNγ | 0.90 (0.02–2.16) | 1.64 (0.31–4.09) | 0.047 |
IL-4/IL-1 | 1.20 (0.32–1.35) | 1.60 (1.15–2.34) | 0.001 |
IL-4/IL-1b | 1.26 (0.47–1.77) | 1.60 (1.20–2.24) | 0.035 |
IL-10/IL-8 | 0.05 (0.02–0.16) | 0.12 (0.05–0.20) | 0.048 |
Exhaled breath condensate | |||
IL-4/IL-1b | 1.94 (1.72–2.26) | 2.37 (2.02–3.36) | 0.044 |
IL-10/IL-2 | 0.00 (0.00–0.29) | 0.35 (0.25–0.47) | 0.005 |
IL-10/IL-6 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 3.02 (0.58–3.82) | 0.016 |
IL-10/IL-8 | 0.00 (0.00–0.41) | 0.75 (0.19–1.72) | 0.002 |
Panel B | |||
Severe sepsis | Non severe sepsis | ||
Serum | |||
IL-4/IL-6 | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | 0.07 (0.02–0.17) | 0.000 |
IL-4/IL-8 | 0.03 (0.00–0.10) | 0.12 (0.06–0.21) | 0.002 |
IL-4/IL-1 | 1.23 (0.15–1.61) | 1.55 (1.10–2.32) | 0.006 |
IL-10/IL-6 | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) | 0.05 (0.02–0.12) | 0.017 |
IL-10/IL-8 | 0.03 (0.01–0.18) | 0.12 (0.05–0.19) | 0.039 |
Exhaled breath condensate | |||
IL-10/IL-2 | 0.00 (0.00–0.21) | 0.38 (0.26–0.48) | 0.000 |