Impact of viral multiplex real-time PCR on management of respiratory tract infection: a retrospective cohort study

Table 5 Outcome depending on relevant detected pathogen for adult patients

	Viral	Bacterial	Mixed	No pathogen	p-value ^a
	(n = 40)	(n = 36)	(n = 6)	(n = 100)	Viral vs. bacterial	Viral vs. mixed	Viral vs. no pathogen
LOS inpatients, median days (IQR)	8 (6–21)	21 (13–35)	11.5 (5–44.25)	15 (8–23.5)	<0.001	0.67	0.03
Complications, n (%)
ICU admission	11 (27.5)	13 (36.1)	3 (50.0)	24 (24.0)	0.42	0.51	0.67
Mechanical ventilation	6 (15.0)	11 (30.6)	3 (50.0)	19 (19.0)	0.11	0.16	0.58
ARDS	3 (7.5)	5 (13.9)	2 (33.3)	6 (6.0)	0.60	0.24	1.00
Sepsis	24 (60.0)	24 (66.7)	5 (83.3)	6 (6.0)^b	0.55	0.53	n/a
Mortality (all cause)	4 (10.0)	4 (11.1)	1 (16.7)	6 (6.0)	1.00	1.00	0.62
Antibiotic use (any indication)
Any inpatient antibiotics, n (%)	30/35 (85.7)	29/32 (90.6)	4/6 (66.7)	72/89 (80.9)	0.81	0.54	0.53
Duration of inpatient use, mean days ± SD (range)	12.5 ± 14.3 (0–63)	18.1 ± 16.0 (0–72)	10.3 ± 12.1 (0–31)	10.8 ± 11.4 (0–63)	0.14	0.73	0.49
Discharged receiving oral antibiotics, n (%)	11 (30.6)^c	17 (53.1)^d	1 (20.0)^e	23 (24.5)^f	0.06	1.00	0.48

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, LOS length of stay, n number, SD standard deviation
^aFor continuous variables, 2-sample independent t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test were used. For categorical variables, Mantel-Haenszel chi square or Fisher exact test were used
^bSepsis requires a pathogen per definition. In these six cases sepsis was exceptionally defined according to discharge papers
Missing values due to death or ongoing hospitalisation at time of analysis (number): c4; d4; e1; f6. For calculation of percentage and p-value missing values were excluded

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