Impact of viral multiplex real-time PCR on management of respiratory tract infection: a retrospective cohort study

Table 7 Outcome depending on relevant detected pathogen for all patients

	Viral	Bacterial	Mixed	No pathogen	p-value ^a
	(n = 80)	(n = 42)	(n = 11)	(n = 121)	Viral vs. bacterial	Viral vs. mixed	Viral vs. no pathogen
LOS inpatients, median days (IQR)	12 (6–25.5)	22 (13–42.5)	27 (8–72)	16 (8–29.25)	0.004	0.20	0.20
Complications, n (%)
ICU admission	29 (36.3)	17 (40.5)	8 (72.7)	36 (29.8)	0.65	0.05	0.34
Mechanical ventilation	14 (17.5)	15 (35.7)	7 (63.6)	30 (24.8)	0.03	0.01	0.22
ARDS	4 (5.0)	5 (11.9)	3 (27.3)	6 (5.0)	0.31	0.07	1.00
Sepsis	41 (51.3)	28 (66.7)	7 (63.6)	6 (5.0)^b	0.10	0.44	n/a
Mortality (all cause)	6 (7.5)	4 (9.5)	1 (9.1)	6 (5.0)	0.94	1.00	0.65
Antibiotic use (any indication)
Any inpatient antibiotics, n (%)	58/73 (79.5)	35/38 (92.1)	9/11 (81.8)	90/109 (82.6)	0.09	1.00	0.60
Duration of inpatient use, mean days ± SD (range)	10.5 ± 13.9 (0-73)	17.5 ± 15.3 (0–72)	11.9 ± 10.0 (0–31)	10.0 ± 10.6 (0–63)	0.02	0.75	0.80
Discharged receiving oral antibiotics, n (%)	17 (23.0)^c	17 (44.7)^d	2 (20.0)^e	26 (22.8)^f	0.02	1.00	0.98

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, LOS length of stay, n number, SD standard deviation
^aFor continuous variables, 2-sample independent t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test were used. For categorical variables, Mantel-Haenszel chi square or Fisher exact test were used
^bSepsis requires a pathogen per definition. In these six cases sepsis was exceptionally defined according to discharge papers
Missing values due to death or ongoing hospitalisation at time of analysis (number): c6; d4; e1; f7. For calculation of percentage and p-value missing values were excluded

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