Table 2 Cases and controls: demographics, recruitment, diagnosis, diagnostic specimens and follow up
|  | Cases: n (%)(n = 998) | Controls: n (%)(n = 978) |
|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
 Median age (months; IQR) | 7.8 months (3.9–14.3) | 20.8 months (8.2–36.4) |
 Male sex (%) | 562 (56.3%) | 520 (53.2%) |
Recruitment year | ||
 2013 | 286 (28.6%) | 172 (17.6%) |
 2014 | 291 (29.1%) | 288 (29.4%) |
 2015a | 421 (42.2%) | 518 (53.0%) |
Recruitment site | ||
 Children’s ward, EHPH | 404 (40.5%) | NA |
 Outpatient clinics, EHPH | 313 (31.4%) | |
 North Clinic | 194 (19.4%) | |
 Lopi Clinic | 7 (0.7%) | |
 PNGIMR Research Clinic | 75 (7.5%) | |
 Unknown | 5 (0.5%) | |
Diagnosis | ||
 Moderate pneumonia   • Without suspected meningitis   • With suspected meningitis | 784 (78.6%) 753 31 | NA |
 Severe pneumonia   • Without suspected meningitis   • With suspected meningitis | 187 (18.7%) 170 17 | |
 Suspected Meningitis (without pneumonia) | 27 (2.7%) | |
Diagnostic specimens collected | ||
 Blood culture | 987 (98.9%) | NA |
 EDTA blood | 512 (51.3%) | NA |
 Serum | 363 (36.4%) | NA |
 CSF | 31 (3.12%) | NA |
 Nasopharyngeal swab | 998 (100%) | 978 (100%) |
 Urine | 42 (4.2%) | NA |
Successful follow up (of eligible children) by year | ||
 2013 | 156/223b (69.9%) | NA |
 2014 | 162/209b (77.5%) | |
 2015a | 251/310b (81.0%) | |