From: Lung function in HIV-infected children and adolescents
Author, Journal | Symptoms | Study design &country | Participant characteristics | Lung function test | Summary of results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desai et al. [5] 2017 Clin Infec Dis | −25% chronic cough − 5% wheeze −18% resting hypoxia | Cross-sectional, Zimbabwe | HIV-infected adolescents, median age 11 years, n = 193, ART duration 5 years | Spirometry with BDR | -Mosaic attenuation and bronchiectasis on HRCT strongly correlated with FEV1, r = −0.52, and r = −0.50, p < 0.001 respectively. |
Shearer et al. [20] 2017 J Allergy Clin & Immuno | −34% had history of physician-diagnosed asthma | Cohort, USA | 218 HIV-infected, all on ART; 152 HIV-uninfected exposed; median age 17 years | Spirometry with BDR | -Obstructive spirometry pattern similar in both groups (22% vs 21%). −17% HIV-exposed uninfected youth had positive BDR vs 9% in HIV-infected youth, p = 0.052 |
Githinji et al. [12] 2017 Annals of ATS | −10% had history of asthma −4% had clubbing − 15% anytime cough | Cohort study, South Africa | 515 HIV –infected adolescents, median age 12 years; mean ART duration 8 years, and 110 HIV-uninfected | Spirometry with BDR, FOT, N2MBW, Single breath CO 6MWT | -Flow, volume, compliance, diffusion capacity lower in HIV-infected than uninfected; Higher resistance and LCI in HIV-infected compared to uninfected, p < 0.05 -No cardiorespiratory function impairment on exercise testing in both groups |
Gray D. et al. [7] 2017 Thorax | – | Birth cohort | 129 infants HIV-exposed uninfected; 546 infants born to HIV-uninfected mothers; median age 50 days | Tidal breathing and flow volume loops | -HIV-exposed infants had higher tidal volumes compared to infants born to HIV-uninfected mothers, p = 0.04 |
McHugh et al. [1] 2016 AIDS | −54% chronic cough −16% reported dypnoea | Cross-sectional, Zimbabwe | 385 HIV-infected children, median age 11 year, none on ART | Spirometry with BDR, shuttle walk test | −10% obstructive spirometry; 1.3% BDR −18% reduced FVC − 10% desaturated to < 88% on exercise |
Rylance et al. [15] 2016 Arch dis child (poster abstract) | -Those receiving ART, 15% had dyspnea −15% had daily cough | Cross-sectional | 385 HIV-infected ART-naïve;202 on ART; median age 11 years | Spirometry 6MWT | -Proportion of abnormal spirometry similar in ART-exposed and ART-naïve group (25.6% vs 24.3%) -Less distance in 6MWT in ART-naïve group, p < 0.001 |
Mwalukomo et al. [13] 2016 Peds Inf Dis | −8% had history of wheeze − 22% had finger clubbing − 20% had resting hypoxia | Cross-sectional, Malawi | 160 HIV-infected; median age 11 years 71% on ART median duration 3.5 years | Spirometry with BDR | -18% obstructive spirometry, 20% reduced FVC; 32% had + BDR |
Rylance et al. [16] 2016 AIDS | − 15% had chronic cough − 15% had dyspnea − 5% had wheeze | Cross-sectional, Zimbabwe | 150 HIV-uninfected;202 HIV-infected;median age 11 years ART mean duration 5 years | Spirometry with BDR, Shuttle walk test | -Lower FEV1, FVC, and FEF50 in HIV-infected, p < 0.05. 11 (35%) out of 31 with obstructive spirometry had + BDR -Less distance walked in HIV-infected, p < 0.001 |
Chisati et al. [17] 2015 Malawi Med. Journal | – | Cross-sectional, Malawi | 55 HIV-infected youth, not on ART and 78 uninfected youth, mean age 24 years | Treadmill exercise test | -Lower VO2max (aerobic endurance) in HIV-infected compared to uninfected, p = 0.01 |
Masekela et al. [14] 2012 Int J Tuberc Lung Dis | – | Cross-sectional, South Africa | 35, 6-18y with HIV-related bronchiectasis, all on ART | Spirometry with BDR | -Median FEV1 was 53% |
Ferrand et al. [6] 2012 Clin Inf Dis | −35% resting hypoxia −66% recurrent cough − 10% clubbing | Cross sectional, Zimbabwe | 116 adolescents mean age 14 years, vertically HIV-infected, 69% ART mean duration 20 months | Spirometry with BDR, 200 m brisk walk | -45% had FEV1 < 80%; 47% had CXR abnormalities, 55% had mosaic attenuation on HRCT |
Samadi et al. 2012 (unpublished data) | – | Cross-sectional, South Africa | 56 HIV infected on INH prophylaxis, 7-10y, none on ART | Spirometry with BDR | −21% had abnormal spirometry; 18% had positive BDR |
Cade et al. [29] 2002 Ped Rehab | Cross-sectional, USA | 15 HIV-infected adolescents,14 on ART &15 matched HIV-uninfected, median age 18 years | Treadmill exercise test | -Peak oxygen consumption, treadmill duration and oxygen pulse were lower in HIV infected adolescents compared to uninfected, p < 0.05 for all | |
Colin A et al. [9] 2001 AJRCCM | – | Cohort, USA | 285 HIV-exposed uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers, 92 HIV-unexposed uninfected infants | Vmax FRC by rapid thoracic compression | -Forced expiratory flow was ≈20% less in the HIV-exposed group but this difference was non-significant |
Keyser et al. [30] 2000 Arch Phys Med Rehabil | – | Cross-sectional, USA | 17 HIV-infected mean age 18 years; all on ART | treadmill exercise test | -Peak oxygen consumption was lower than expected (functional 2aerobic impairment) |
Platzker et al. [8] 2000 AJRCCM | – | Cohort, USA | 41 infants born to HIV-infected mothers (34% of infants HIV-infected), mean age 24 months | Thoraco-abdominal compression | -Respiratory system compliance reduced and declined more after TAC in HIV-infected, p = 0.003 -Higher resistance in HIV-infected infants compared to uninfected, p = 0.03 |
Alderson et al. [10] 1999 Radiology | – | Cohort, USA | 132 HIV-infected children, mean age 47 months and 160 HIV-exposed uninfected infants; mean age 10 months | Lung diffusion capacity using 99mTc DTPA | -HIV-infected children had faster clearance of 99mTc DTPA compared to HIV-exposed uninfected children, p < 0.05, in the absence of clinical symptoms |
De Martino et al. [11] 1997 Paeds Pulm | – | Prospective longitudinal cohort, Italy | 54 children, median age 64 months, with perinatal HIV infection, none on ART and 315 healthy controls | Interrupter technique | -Airway resistance greater in HIV-infected than uninfected, p < 0.001 |