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Table 2 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics among patients with CAP during the CAP1 and the CAP2 periods unmatched and matched (case control). Figures are means (±SD) and n (%). The p value and risk ratio (RR)

From: Decreased relative risk of pneumococcal pneumonia during the last decade, a nested case-control study

 

PANEL A (UNMATCHED)

 

PANEL B (MATCHED)

  

Variable

CAP1 (n = 307)

CAP2 (n = 191)

p value

CAP1 (n = 145)

CAP2 (n = 145)

p value

RR

Age, year (±SD)

64.6 ± 21.2

70.3 ± 19.1

0.002

67.8 ± 20.4

67.7 ± 20.4

0.484

 

Male Sex

160 (58.6%)

93 (48.7%)

0.749

74 (51.0)

74 (51.0)

1.000

1.000

PSI class 5

106 (34.5%)

43 (22.5%)

< 0.001

37 (25.5%)

33 (22.8%)

0.575

1.077

Admitted from nursing home

43 (14.0%)

27 (14.1%)

0.972

12 (8.3%)

23 (15.9%)

0.082

0.657

Managed as outpatients

75 (24.4%)

73 (38.2%)

0.003

51 (35.12%

54 (37.2%)

0.706

0.956

Admitted to the hospital

232 (75.5%)

118 (61.7%)

< 0.001

94 (64.8%)

91 (62.8%)

0.716

0.968

Admitted (general ward)

176 (57.3%)

100 (52.3%)

0.402

83 (57.2%

77 (53.1%)

0.481

1.088

Admitted (ICU)

56 (18.2%)

18 (9.4%)

0.007

11 (7.6%)

14 (9.7%)

0.552

0.870

Positive blood culture

12 (3.9%)

7 (3.7%)

0.954

7 (4.8%)

6 (4.1%)

0.784

0.911

Requiring mechanical ventilation

16 (5.2%)

6 (3.1%)

0.012

4 (2.8%)

5 (3.4%)

0.748

0.886

Pneumococcal immunization

13 (4.2%)

36 (18.8%)

< 0.001

6 (4.1%)

33 (22.7%)

< 0.001

0.255

Pneumococcal. vaccine Indication

247 (80.4%)

142 (74.3%)

0.108

109 (75.2%)

103 (71.0%)

0.438

1.114

Positive SPUAT

81 (26.4%)

18 (9.5%)

< 0.001

34 (23.4%)

12 (8.3%)

< 0.001

2819

Current smoker

28 (9.1%)

33 (17.3%)

0.007

15 (10.3%)

20 (13.8%)

0.396

0.841

Chronic lung disease

91 (29.6%)

41 (21.5%)

0.041

37 (25.3%)

28 (19.3%)

0.184

1.186

Cardiac disease

68 (22.2%)

38 (19.9%)

0.558

21 (14.5%)

29 (20.1%)

0.243

0.813

Diabetes

29 (9.5%)

22 (11.5%)

0.464

10 (6.9%

13 (8.9%)

0.706

0.538

Hepatic disease

6 (1.9%)

6 (3.1%)

0.412

2 (1.4%)

3 (2.1%)

0.681

0.797

Renal failure

30 (10.8%)

19 (9.9%)

0.951

10 (6.9%)

5 (3.4%)

0.112

1.358

Descesed

64 (20.8%)

30 (15.5%)

0.143

23 (15.9%)

22 (15.2%)

0.870

1.026