Table 1 Characteristics of included pneumococcal publications
Author | Year published | Country | Type | Setting | Age Categories | Linkage | Serotype | Number colonized (%) | Number infected (%) | Case-Fatality Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McCrae T | 1916 | Canada | Respiratory | Community | ||||||
Miller JL | 1918 | United States | Respiratory | Military | 346 | 0.325 | ||||
Schroder MC | 1930 | United States | Respiratory | School | Children | 5 | 150 | |||
Smillie WG | 1936 | United States | Respiratory | Hospital | 2 | 21 | 17 | 0.471 | ||
Tilghman RC | 1936 | United States | Respiratory | Community | Toddler, Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | Variety | ||||
Gilman BB | 1938 | United States | Multiple | Community | Neufeld | 1 | 35 (7.0%) | 0.114 | ||
Smillie WG | 1938 | United States | Respiratory | Hospital | 1 | (10.0%) | 110 | |||
Mackenzie GM | 1940 | United States | Respiratory | Community | Neufeld | 1 | 43 (18.0%) | 4 (1.6%) | ||
Hodges RG* | 1946 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Neufeld | Variety | 1644 | 0 | ||
Hodges RG* | 1946 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Neufeld | Variety | 1644 | 0 | ||
Hodges RG* | 1946 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Neufeld | Variety | 1644 | 0 | ||
Hodges RG* | 1946 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Neufeld | Variety | 1644 | 0 | ||
Hodges RG* | 1946 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Neufeld | Variety | 1644 | 0 | ||
DeMaria A | 1980 | United States | Respiratory | Community | Quelleng | 1 | 10 (10%) | 39 | ||
Shayegani M | 1982 | United States | Conjunctivis | Community | Nontypeable | 1567 | 0 | |||
Shayegani M | 1983 | United States | Conjunctivis | Military | Nontypeable | 80 | 0 | |||
Fenton PA | 1983 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Community | 1 | |||||
Shayegani M | 1984 | United States | Conjunctivis | Community | Adult, Older Adult | Nontypeable | 1189 | 0 | ||
Davies AJ | 1984 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Immunoelectrophoresis | 9 | 4 | |||
Berk SL | 1985 | United States | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | Quelleng | 8 | 0 (0%) | 4 (18.0%) | 0.500 |
Collingham KE | 1985 | United States | Respiratory | Community | Older Adult | 12 | 2 | 0.500 | ||
Mehtar S | 1986 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Toddler | 6 | 3 | 0.333 | ||
Davies AJ | 1987 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | Quelleng | 3 | 8 | 0.250 | |
Gould FK | 1987 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | 23 | 6 | |||
Moore EP | 1988 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | 23 | 4 | 0.250 | ||
CDC* | 1989 | United States | Respiratory | Jail | Young Adult, Adult | Quelleng | 12F | 11 (7.0%) | 17 (0.5%) | 0.043 |
Rauch AM | 1990 | United States | Respiratory | Daycare | Toddler | 14 | 10 (9.3%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 | |
Bain M | 1990 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | Quelleng | 4 | 4 | ||
Mercat A | 1991 | France | Respiratory | Community | Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | Quelleng | 1 | 1 (2.0%) | 39 | 0.040 |
Cartmill TDI | 1992 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0.250 | |
Dawson S | 1992 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | 6 | 1 | 5 | ||
PHLS | 1992 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | 9 | 7 | 0.143 | |||
Quick RE | 1993 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | Quelleng | 9 V | 2 (3.0%) | 7 (7.4%) | 0.710 |
Gratten M | 1993 | Australia | Respiratory | Community | Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | Antisera | 1 | 13 (17.3%) | 18 | |
Denton M | 1993 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | 14 | 8 | 0.125 | ||
Hoge CW* | 1994 | United States | Respiratory | Jail | Young Adult, Adult | Quelleng | 12F | 11 (7.0%) | 46 (0.5%) | 0.043 |
Cherian T | 1994 | United States | Respiratory | Daycare | Toddler | Ribotyping | 12F | 6 (100%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0 |
Millar MR | 1994 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | 9 | 0 (0%) | 10 (5.7%) | ||
Mandigers CMPW | 1994 | Netherlands | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | Quelleng | 9 | 18 | 0.556 | |
Nims L | 1994 | United States | Respiratory | Daycare | Toddler | PCR | 19 | 3 | 14 | 0.500 |
Raymond J | 1995 | France | Respiratory | Hospital | Toddler | RAPD | 23F | 2 | ||
Ertugrul N | 1997 | United States | Conjunctivis | Military | PFGE, PCR | Nontypeable | 561 | 0 | ||
Marton A | 1997 | Hungary | Otitis Media | Hospital | Toddler | 0 | 6 | |||
Marton A | 1997 | Hungary | Otitis Media | Hospital | Toddler | 3 | ||||
Gillespie SH | 1997 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | RFLP | 9 | 3 | 9 | 0.444 |
CDC* | 1997 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PCR | 14 | 10 (14.9%) | 0.200 | |
CDC* | 1997 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PFGE | 23F | 17 (23.0%) | 11 (13.0%) | 0.270 |
CDC | 1997 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PCR | 4 | 14 (11.7%) | 0.290 | |
Musher DM | 1997 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | 1 | 128 (3.2%) | |||
Musher DM | 1997 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | 7F / 8 | 44 (28.4%) | 14 (6.4%) | ||
Fiore AE* | 1998 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PCR | 14 | 10 (14.9%) | 0.200 | |
Nuorti JP* | 1998 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PFGE | 23F | 17 (23.0%) | 11 (13.0%) | 0.27 |
Sheppard DC | 1998 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PFGE | 14 | 0 (0%) | 15 (12.5%) | |
Razzaq N | 1998 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Community | Toddler, Older Adult | 12F | 2 | |||
Craig AS | 1999 | United States | Respiratory | Daycare | Toddler | PFGE | 14 | 15 (19%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0 |
de Galan BE | 1999 | Netherlands | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | Quelleng, RFEL | 15 | 36 | 0.297 | |
Kellner JD | 1999 | Canada | Respiratory | Community | Adult, Older Adult | PFGE | 6 | 0.167 | ||
Leggiadro RJ | 1999 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | 4 | 3 | |||
Gleich S | 2000 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PFGE | 4 | 11 (5.5%) | ||
Dagan R | 2000 | Israel | Respiratory | Community | Ribotyping, PCR | 1 | 31 (4.8%) | 5 | ||
Nakashima T | 2001 | Japan | Otitis Media | Daycare | Children | Antisera, RAPD | 19, 23, 6 | 7 | ||
CDC* | 2001 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PFGE | 14 | 9 | 0.444 | |
Weiss K | 2001 | Canada | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | PFGE | 23F | 23 | 0.087 | |
CDC | 2002 | United States | Conjunctivis | School | Children, Young Adult, Adult | PFGE | Nontypeable | 144 | ||
Melamed R | 2002 | Israel | Respiratory | Hospital | Toddler | RAPD | 5 | 0 | 3 | |
Martin M | 2003 | United States | Conjunctivis | Community | Young Adult | PFGE, MLST | Nontypeable | 20 (8.1%) | 698 (13.8%) | |
Tan CG* | 2003 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | PFGE | 14 | 9 | 0.444 | |
Crum NF | 2003 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | Quelleng, Latex Agglutination | 9 V / 4 | 13 (11.0%) | 52 (1.5%) | 0 |
Subramanian D | 2003 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | PFGE | 9 V | 3 (5.5%) | 9 | ||
Sanchez JL | 2003 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | PCR | 3, 6, 9, 14, 20, 22, 23 | 30 (13.6%) | 30 (12.1%) | |
Crum NF | 2004 | United States | Conjunctivis | Military | Young Adult, Adult | MLST | Nontypeable | 15 (9.9%) | 80 (2.3%) | 0 |
Banerjee A | 2005 | India | Respiratory | Military | RAPD | 0 | ||||
CDC | 2005 | United States | Respiratory | Hospital | Adult | PFGE | 23F, 3 | 6 (9.0%) | 7 | 0.290 |
CDC* | 2005 | United States | Respiratory | Community | Toddler, Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | PFGE, MLST, MLBT | 12F | 46 (2.4%) | 14 (0.1%) | |
Birtles A | 2005 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Community | Adult | MLST | 8 | 2 | 1 | |
Buck JM | 2006 | United States | Conjunctivis | Community | Toddler, Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | PFGE, MLST | Nontypeable | 735 | 0 | |
Hennick M | 2006 | Canada | Conjunctivis | Community | Toddler, Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | AFLP | Nontypeable | 47 | ||
Hansmann Y | 2006 | France | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | Antisera, Urine | 4 | 1 (1.2%) | 11 (11.7%) | 0.273 |
Singh PMP | 2006 | India | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | 316 | 0 | |||
Cashman P | 2007 | Australia | Respiratory | School | Children | 1 | 25 | |||
Sheppard CL | 2008 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Community | Children, Young Adult, Adult | PCR, MLST | 1 | 11 | 0.182 | |
Romney MG | 2008 | Canada | Respiratory | Community | Toddler, Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | Latex Agglutination | 5 | 137 | 0.080 | |
Zegans ME | 2009 | United States | Conjunctivis | Community | Young Adult | PFGE, MLST | Nontypeable | 20 (8.1%) | 698 (13.8%) | |
Vainio A | 2009 | Finland | Respiratory | Military | MLST | 7F | 9 (20.9%) | 5 (12.0%) | 0 | |
Gupta A | 2009 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | School | Children | ELISA, Urine | 1 | 1 (1.2%) | 5 | |
Mehiri-Zghal E | 2010 | Tunisia | Respiratory | Jail | PFGE | 1 | 9 (45.0%) | 150 (3.8%) | ||
Balicer RD | 2010 | Israel | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | PFGE, MLST | 5 | 35 (24.1%) | 34 | 0 |
Pichon B | 2010 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Community | MLST | 5 | 8 | |||
Dawood FS | 2011 | United States | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | Quelleng | 7F | 16 (4.3%) | 74 (0.3%) | 0.027 |
Vanderkooi OG | 2011 | Canada | Respiratory | Community | Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | Quelleng, MLST | 5, 8 | 207 | ||
Skoczynska A | 2012 | Poland | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | PFGE, MLST | 14 | 6 | ||
Fleming-Dutra K | 2012 | United States | Respiratory | Hospital | Children, Young Adult | PCR, MLST | 15A | 6 | 11 | |
Guillet M | 2012 | France | Surgical Site | Hospital | 3 | 1 | 4 | |||
Zulz T* | 2013 | United States | Respiratory | Community | Toddler, Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | PFGE, MLST, MLBT | 12F | 46 (2.4%) | 14 (0.1%) | |
CDC | 2013 | United States | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Adult, Older Adult | 3 | 7 (50.0%) | 0.430 | ||
Kuroki T | 2014 | Japan | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | PFGE, MLST | 3 | 16 (83.9%) | 0.063 | |
Ben-David D | 2014 | Israel | Respiratory | Hospital | Young Adult, Older Adult | PFGE, MLST | 19F, 23F | 21 (20.2%) | 66 | |
Schillberg E | 2014 | Canada | Respiratory | Community | Children, Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | Quelleng, PFGE, MLST, MLVA | 12F | 32 | ||
Suryam V | 2015 | India | Respiratory | Military | 52 | 0 | ||||
Thomas HL | 2015 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Long-term care facility | Older Adult | Urinary, MLST | 8 | 15 (65.0%) | 0.133 | |
Kunwar R | 2015 | India | Respiratory | Military | Young Adult | 58 (1.1%) | 0 | |||
Sheppard CL | 2016 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | Urinary | 6C | 13 | 0.231 | |
Ewing J | 2017 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Workplace | Young Adult, Adult, Older Adult | WGS, MLST | 4 | 25 | 0 | |
Jauneikaite E | 2017 | United Kingdom | Respiratory | Hospital | Older Adult | WGS, MLST | 9 V | 4 |