Table 4 Factors associated with Sputum Culture Positive of 353 adult patients with pneumonia between August and December 2015 in Mwanza, Tanzania
Predictor | Sputum Culture | Univariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | OR[95%-CI] | P-value | |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 41 (22.7) | 140 (77.3) | 1.0 |  |
 Female | 31 (18.0) | 141 (82.0) | 0.8 [0.4–1.3] | 0.282 |
Age (years) | 39 (32.5–53) | 40 (32–52) | 1.0 [0.99–1.01] | 0.950 |
Ever smoked tobacco products | ||||
 No | 52 (20.0) | 208 (80.0) | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 20 (21.5) | 73 (78.5) | 1.1 [0.6–1.9] | 0.757 |
Alcohol-containing beverage | ||||
 No | 43 (22.8) | 146 (77.2) | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 29 (17.7) | 135 (82.3) | 0.7 [0.4–1.2] | 0.240 |
Co morbidities | ||||
 No | 62 (19.8) | 251 (80.2) | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 10 (25.0) | 30 (75.0) | 1.3 [0.6–2.9] | 0.444 |
Hospitalization in past 2 weeks | ||||
 No | 70 (20.1) | 278 (79.9) | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 2.6 [0.4–16.1] | 0.291 |
Antibiotics use in the past 7 days | ||||
 No | 42 (18.2) | 189 (81.8) | 1.0 |  |
 Yes | 30 (24.6) | 92 (75.4) | 1.5 [0.9–2.5] | 0.157 |
HIV infection status | ||||
 Negative | 46 (21.2) | 171 (78.8) |  |  |
 Positive | 26 (19.1) | 110 (80.9) | 0.87 [0.51–1.5] | 0.637 |
Quality of sputum sample | ||||
 Poor | 3 (3.4) | 86 (96.6) | 1.0 |  |
 Good | 69 (26.1) | 195 (73.9) | 10.1 [3.1–33.1] | <  0.001 |