Table 1 Articles identified from review containing relevant pneumococcal serotype data in Malaysia
No. | Article title (year) | Collection period | No. of isolates | IPD / non-IPD / Carriage | Age range | Source | Serotyping method | Location | Serotypes identified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysian children [21] | Sep 1984 -Aug 1985 | 92 | Non-IPD | 1 month - < 5 years | Nasopharyngeal aspirates | Quellung | Three unknown hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh and rural Kota Bahru | 6A, 6B, 10A, 11A, 13, 14, 15B, 15C, 16, 18A, 18C, 19A, 19B, 19F, 20, 23A, 23F, 34, 39, ‘rough’ |
2 | Genotypic characterisation of Malaysian human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriage and clinical sources [22] | 1989–2012 Carriage in 2010 | 107 | Carriage and IPD | < 5 years - > 50 years | Anterior nares, blood, CSF, pleural fluid, sputum, ear, eye, pus, throat, nasopharyngeal fluid, others (unknown) | Multiplex PCR | Unknown hospital locations and communities | 1, 4, 6A, 6B, 7A/F, 11A/D, 12F, 14, 15B/C, 17, 18A/B/C, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, NT |
3 | Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in Malaysia [23] | Oct 1995 - Sep1996 | 201 | IPD and non-IPD | < 5 years, > 5 years | Sputum, blood, CSF, body fluid, pus | Pneumotest | Hospital Pulau Pinang, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Sultanah Aminah (Johor Bahru, Johor), Hospital Queen Elizabeth (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah), University of Malaya Medical Centre (Kuala Lumpur) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7F, 8, 9A, 9 L, 9 N, 10A, 11A, 11C, 11F, 12A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17A, 18A, 18B, 18C, 18F, 19A, 19B, 19C, 19F, 20, 22A, 22F, 23, 23A, 23B, 23F, NA |
4 | Spread of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study [24] | Sep 1996 - Jun 1997 | 2 | IPD | Unknown | Blood, CSF, ascites, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, sinus aspirate | Quellung | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor | 19, 23 |
5 | Carriage of Antibiotic-Resistant Pneumococci among Asian Children: A Multinational Surveillance by the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) [25] | Jan 1998 -Mar 1999 | 58 | Carriage | < 5 years | Asymptomatic carriage | Quellung | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 19, 23, Other (unknown) |
6 | Penicillin susceptibility and molecular characteristics of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae at the University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [26] | Mar1999 -Jul 2000 | 50 | IPD and non-IPD | < 13 years, > 13 years | Sputum, NPS, tracheal, throat, blood, CSF, pleural fluid, eye, ear, vagina. | Pneumotest | University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur | 1, 5, 6A, 7B/C, 14, 15A, 15C, 19F, 23A, 23B, 23F, 16/36/37, NT |
7 | Capsular Serotype and Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Malaysia [27] | Mar1999 -Feb 2007 (except 2001, 2004) | 151 | IPD and non-IPD | < 5 years, 5–59 years, > 60 years | Blood, CSF, nasopharyngeal secretion, tracheal secretion, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, others | Quellung | University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur | 1, 3, 6A/6B, 7C/7B/40, 7F/7A, 9 V/9A, 10A, 11A/11D, 12F/12A, 14, 15A, 15B/15C, 16F, 18C/18B/18A/18F, 19A, 19F, 23F, 35B, 35F/47F, 34 |
8 | High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asia (an ANSORP Study) [28] | Jan 2000 -Jun 2001 | 41 | IPD | < 5 years and adults | Blood, CSF, ascitic fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, sinus aspirate, middle ear aspirate | Quellung | Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor and Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur | 4, 6A, 6B, 14, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, Others (unknown) |
9 | Novel clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Malaysia [29] | Feb 2000 – Jan 2007 | 30 | IPD | < 15 years, > 15 years, unknown age | Blood, CSF, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid | Multiplex PCR | University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur | 3, 4, 6A, 6B, 9 N, 9 V, 11A, 14, 15A, 16F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F, 34 |
10 | Current trend of pneumococcal serotypes distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Malaysian hospitals [30] | Jan 2008 - Dec 2009 | 443 | IPD and non-IPD | < 1 year - > 60 years | Blood, CSF, other sterile sites, sputum, eyes, ear, vagina, wounds | Pneumotest | Hospital Ampang, Ampang Jaya, Selangor Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Selangor Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor Hospital Pulau Pinang Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahira, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Hospital Kuala Lumpur University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F |
11 | Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: an Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study [31] | Mar 2008 - Dec 2009 | 165 | IPD | Unknown | Throat swab, nasal swab, nasopharyngeal aspirate | Quellung | Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Selangor Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Hospital Pulau Pinang Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahira, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Hospital Kuala Lumpur University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur | 1, 3, 5, 6A, 6B, 6C, 7C, 9 V, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F, 23A, 20, 35, 13/28, 16/36/37, Other (unknown), NT |
12 | Determination of phenotypes and pneumococcal surface protein A family types of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Malaysian healthy children [32] | Jun 2010 - Dec 2010 | 69 | Carriage | ≤5 years | Asymptomatic carriage | Pneumotest | Three unknown day care centres, Kuala Lumpur | 6A, 6B, 11A, 15C, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 23A, 23B, 23F, NT |
13 | Changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from adult patients in Asia: Emergence of drug-resistant non-vaccine serotypes [33] | Dec 2012 - Jul 2017 | 123 | IPD | > 50 years | Blood, CSF, pleural fluid | Quellung | 39 hospitals in 16 unknown cities | 4, 6, 6A, 6B, 6C, 9 V, 10, 11A, 12, 14, 15, 15A, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23A, 23F, 35B, Others (incl. 6D, 7B, 7C, 11C, 11D, 13/28, 15C, 16/36/37, 18A, 18B, 18F, 19B, 19C, 21, 22A, 23B, 24/31/40, 27/32/41, 38, and 39), NT |
14 | Serotypes & penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia [34] | Jan 2013 - May 2015 | 125 | Carriage | 1 month – 12 years | Nasopharyngeal specimens, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage | Multiplex PCR | University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur | 3, 6A/B, 6C, 11/A/D/F, 15A/F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 34 |
15 | Molecular detection and genotypic characterisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Malaysia [35] | 2013–2015 | 95 | Non-IPD | < 12 years | Nasopharyngeal swab and secretions | Multiplex PCR | University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur | 3, 6A/B, 6C, 9 N/9 L, 11A/D/F, 15A/F, 17A, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 23B, 34, NT |
16 | Pneumococcal serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility in Malaysia: A four-year study (2014–2017) on invasive paediatric isolates [19] | May 2014 - Dec 2017 | 245 | IPD | 13 days – 4 years, 364 days | Blood and CSF | Quellung | Multiple hospital locations around Malaysia | 1, 3, 4, 6A, 6B, 6C, 8, 11A, 11C, 14, 15A, 15B, 15C, 18C, 19B, 19F, 23A, 23F, NT |
17 | A study of the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in patients hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia [36] | Dec 2014 - Aug 2015 | 9 | Non-IPD | 59–76 years | Sputum cultures | PCR | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur | 8F, 33F |
18 | The upper respiratory tract microbiome of indigenous Orang Asli in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia [37] | August 2017 | 34 | Carriage | < 5 years, 5–17 years, 18–65 years | Asymptomatic carriage | Slide agglutination | Kampung Sungai Pergam and Kampung Berua, north-eastern Terengganu | 3, 4, 6A, 6B, 6C, 11A, 14, 15B, 18A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 34, 35F, NT |