Table 1 Demographic characteristics of children and their parents

N

49

43

Age years, median (IQR25, IQR75)

4.827 (3.8, 6.12)

3.53 (3.09, 4.04)

< 0.001*

Female child, n (%)

25 (51)

25 (58)

WAZ median (IQR25, IQR75)

−2.45 (− 3.63, − 2.043)

−1.33 (− 2.03, −.525)

< 0.001*

HAZ median (IQR25, IQR75)

− 1.89 (− 2.76, − 1.186)

−.925 (− 1.69, .015)

< 0.001*

Child school going, n (%)

27 (55)

28 (65)

0.223

Tuberculosis in house, n (%)

11 (22)

2 (4)

0.014

Number of children in house, median (IQR25, IQR75)

2 (2, 2)

2 (1, 2)

0.001*

Number of rooms in house, median (IQR25, IQR75)

2 (2, 3)

2 (2, 4)

0.45

Family income, median (IQR25, IQR75)

11,362 (9478, 11,362)

7594 (7594, 9478)

0.0004

 Lower, n (%)

0 (0)

2 (4.7)

–

 Upper lower, n (%)

2 (4)

10 (23)

0.006

 Middle, n (%)

20 (41)

29 (67)

0.01

 Upper middle, n (%)

27 (55)

2 (4.7)

< 0.00001

 Gas, n (%)

6 (12)

21 (49)

.00012

 Wood, n (%)

41 (84)

18 (42)

.00003

 Coal, n (%)

2 (4)

0 (0)

–

 Mother alive, n (%)

47 (96)

43 (100)

–

 Father alive, n (%)

27 (55)

43 (100)

–

 Mother HIV infected, n (%)

46 (98)

NA^a

–

 Father HIV infected, n (%)

22 (45)

NA

–

 Mothers’ age years, median (IQR25, IQR75)

30 (27, 33)

24 (22, 27)

< 0.001*

 Mothers’ schooling years, median (IQR25, IQR75)

7 (3, 9)

9 (7, 10)

0.0004*

 Parent on ART during study, n (%)

26 (53)

NA

–