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Table 3 Nasopharyngeal bacteria and viruses identified in children and their parents

From: Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

 

Children

Parents

P value

No. (%)

No. (%)

Bacterial detection

 N

83

64

 

 No. of individuals with no bacteriaa

26 (31)

26 (40.6)

0.24

 No. of individuals with bacteriab

56 (67)

35 (54.6)

0.11

 No. of individuals with bacteria onlyc

34 (41)

27 (42)

0.88

 Total S. pneumoniaed

31 (37)

13 (20)

0.02

 Total S. aureus

44 (53)

34 (53)

0.98

 Total C. pneumoniae

2 (2.4)

0

–

 > 1 bacteria in one swabe

24 (29)

11 (17)

0.098

 S. pneumoniae + S. aureus

20 (24)

11 (17)

0.30

 S. pneumoniae + C. pneumoniae

1 (1)

0

–

Virus detection

 N

92

77

 

 Number of individuals with virusf

41 (44.5)

23 (30)

0.049

 Single virus onlyg

3 (3)

9 (11.7)

0.03

 Human rhinovirus

15 (16)

4 (5)

0.02

 Human adenovirus

9 (10)

6 (8)

0.65

 Human bocavirus

6 (6)

0

–

 Influenza B virus

4 (4)

0

–

 Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2 (2)

5 (6.5)

0.16

 Human coronavirus

2 (2)

1 (1)

0.66

 Human metapneumovirus

2 (2)

0

–

 Human parainfluenza virus

1 (1)

2 (2.6)

0.45

 Human enterovirus

0

3 (4)

–

Viruses + bacteria co-detection

 N

83

64

 

 Total viruses + bacteriah

22 (26.5)

9 (4)

0.06

 Single virus + bacteria

12 (14.4)

8 (12.5)

0.73

 Mixed virus + bacteria

10 (12)

1 (1.5)

0.01

  1. aIndividuals not having any bacteria; bNumber of individuals with bacteria detection singly or with other bacteria with or without virus; cNumber of individuals with bacteria detection singly or with other bacteria without virus; dTotal bacteria detected individually or in combination with other bacteria or viruses in individuals; eMixed bacteria detected with other bacteria; fTotal virus detected individually or in combination with other viruses or bacteria; gOne virus detected in an individual without bacteria; hTotal viruses detected with bacteria