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Table 5 Association between isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae with respiratory viruses, and, between the density (Log copies/ml) of Streptococcus pneumoniae with viruses in the nasopharynx of children

From: Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

 

Pneumococcal colonization

Pneumococcal density

na

ORb

95% CIc

P

n

Coeffd

95% CI

P

Overall children

 Virus presence

83

3.93

1.47–10.5

0.006

31

3.603

.44–6.7

0.027

 1 virus

83

3.85

1.15–12.8

0.028

31

0.533

−3.2-4.3

0.77

  > 1 virus

83

2.25

0.62–8.1

0.21

31

5.06

1.1–9

0.01

 Rhinovirus

83

3.13

0.99–9.9

0.052

31

4.52

1.1–7.9

0.01

 Adenovirus

83

6

1.12–32

0.036

31

1.62

−2.7-6

0.45

Children living with HIV

 Rhinovirus

43

15.6

1.66–146

0.016

16

4.22

−0.2-8.6

0.06

 Rhinovirus + S. aureus

43

8.7

1.42–54

0.019

    

 Adenovirus

43

4.16

0.66–26

0.12

16

−0.46

−6.1, 5.1

0.86

HIV uninfected children

 Rhinovirus

40

1

.20–4.9

1

15

2.7

−1.9-7.3

0.23

 Adenovirus

40

NAe

NA

NA

15

2.77

−2.7, 8.3

0.3

  1. an number of observations; bOR Odds ratio; cCI Confidence interval; dRegression coefficient; eNA Not available