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Table 3 Results of multivariate analysis of longitudinal data for under-five pneumonia patients

From: Joint modeling of longitudinal measures of pneumonia and time to convalescence among pneumonia patients: a comparison of separate and joint models

MLMM for multivariate longitudinal data

parameter

For RR

For PR

For OX

\(\hat{\beta}(s.e)\)

p-value

\(\hat{\beta}(s.e)\)

p-value

\(\hat{\beta}(s.e)\)

p-value

Intercept

48.86458 (3.38)

< 0.0001

162.1041 (9.22)

< 0.0001

92.97 (1.66)

< 0.0001

Age

  

−1.2573 (0.18)

< 0.0001

0.11718 (0.23)

< 0.0001

Residence(urban)

3.403193 (1.74)

0.0553

1.829784 (0.03)

< 0.0001

−1.4103 (0.63)

0.02568

Birth order(first)

2.916760 (1.95)

0.1507

9.202489 (4.12)

0.02560

−0.6652 (2.81)

0.8133

Reference = single

 Married

−3.91243 (2.21)

0.0773

  

3.5227 (1.19)

0.2497

 Widowed

−1.2661 (2.51)

0.3360

  

1.3268 (0.82)

0.1064

 Divorced

−1.11105 (2.91)

0.7037

  

1.3163 (3.62)

0.7167

 Smoking(no)

−4.52168 (2.28)

0.0481

    

Reference = no breast feed

 Mixed

−0.60634 (2.31)

0.7943

    

 exclusive

−1.6582 (0.35)

< 0.001

    

 Comorbidity(no)

−2.51715 (1.23)

0.04090

−3.76181 (1.80)

0.0367

1.40518 (0.62)

0.0236

reference = non-sever

 Mild sever

4.124048 (4.12)

0.0590

3.439812 (5.21)

0.5105

−2.8647 (1.04)

0.0058

 Sever

9.658019 (4.76)

0.042

6.942920 (3.68)

0.024

−3.9492 (0.79)

< 0.001

 Age of mothers

−0.8665 (1.18)

0.4628

−0.3784 (3.18)

0.9054

0.23458 (0.05)

< 0.0001

 Visit

−1.06730 (0.07)

< 0.0001

−0.14986 (0.05)

0.0026

0.15926 (0.06)

0.0141

 Danger signs(no)

−9.84996 (4.20)

0.0189

−7.64896 (3.69)

0.0382

1.70764 (0.72)

0.0177

 Vaccination(vaccinated)

  

−11.5939 (5.61)

0.0389

0.5175 (1.01)

0.6310

 Cooking place(inside living room)

3.12894 (1.63)

0.0460

    

 Education of mothers(literate)

−1.6479 (2.08)

0.4289

  

0.6979 (0.39)

0.9229

Random effect variance covariance matrix for MLMM

Variance components

RR

PR

OX

Intercept

Slope

Intercept

Slope

intercept

slope

RR

Intercept

89.583

0.093

66.208

0.768

−1.358

0.0672

Slope

0.093

0.062

−0.7034

0.356

0.110

−0.032

PR

Intercept

66.208

−0.703

210.99

−2.805

−5.201

0.249

Slope

0.768

0.356

−2.805

0.821

0.401

−0.253

OX

Intercept

−1.358

0.110

−5.201

0.401

11.937

0.122

slope

0.067

−0.032

0.249

−0.253

0.122

0.315

Sd.

12.305

1.141

22.719

1.101

2.001

0.561

Residual standard errors

 sigma2_1

8.6201

 

 sigma2_2

13.931

 

 sigma2_3

6.9933

 
  1. RR Respiratory rate, PR Pulse rate, OX Oxygen saturation, MLMM Multi variate linear mixed model