Subfamily | Select subfamily member | Ligand | Function | Signaling | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NLRA | CIITA | IFNγ | Positive regulator of MHCII transcription | Transcription factor for MHC | [40] |
NLRB | NAIP | Flagellin; T3SS | Anti-apoptosis | Caspase-1 mediated inflammasome | [41] |
NLRC | NOD1 | iE-DAP dipeptide | Inflammatory cytokine; antimicrobial proteins | RIP2, NFκB, MAPK | [42] |
NOD2 | Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) | Inflammatory cytokine; antimicrobial proteins | RIP2, NFκB, MAPK | [43] | |
NLRC3 | Viral DNA & nucleic acids | Neg reg of NFκB; attenuates type I IFN | TRAF6 | [44] | |
NLRC4 | Flagellin; T3SS; T4SS | Inflammasome formation | Caspase-1 | [45] | |
NLRC5 | Nucleoside triophospate | Regulation of MHCI | MHCI transcription | [46] | |
NLRX1 | dsRNA, PUA, ESA, and DHA | Negatively regulates IFN-I and IL-6 responses; located on mitochondria | NFκB | [47] | |
NLRP | NLRP1 | MDP, anthrax lethal toxin | Inflammasome formation | Caspase-1 | [48] |
NLRP3 | PAMPS and DAMPs associated with viral infection | Inflammasome formation | Caspase-1 | [49] | |
NLRP6 | unknown | Poorly characterized inflammasome formation | Negative regulation of NFκB and MAPK | [50] | |
NLRP7 | lipopeptide | Putative inflammasome formation | unknown | [51] | |
NLRP12 | unknown | Unproven inflammasome formation | Negative regulation of NFκB and MAPK | [52] |