Incidence of non-invasive all-cause pneumonia in children in the United States before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a retrospective claims database analysis

Table 1 Demographic characteristics^a of commercially insured patients with ACP by vaccine period (1998–2018)

	Pre-PCV7	Early PCV7	Late PCV7	Early PCV13	Late PCV13
	(1998–1999)	(2001–2005)	(2006–2009)	(2011–2013)	(2014–2018)
Total number of patients	N = 30,530	N = 342,458	N = 649,445	N = 667,230	N = 600,919
Age, mean (SD)^b	6.0 (4.9)	5.8 (4.8)	6.0 (4.7)	6.2 (4.7)	6.4 (4.8)
< 2 years, (%)	21.6	21.0	19.1	16.6	15.7
2–4 years, (%)	26.0	27.7	27.5	27.6	27.0
5–17 years, (%)	52.4	51.3	53.5	55.8	57.2
Male, (%)	54.9	54.0	53.9	53.5	53.0
Region, (%)
Northeast	17.2	10.8	12.1	21.0	22.2
North Central	26.1	23.5	27.3	23.9	20.9
South	42.4	41.5	46.8	33.5	38.3
West	5.3	22.6	13.1	18.7	17.4
Missing/unknown	9.0	1.6	0.7	3.0	1.2
Urbanicity, (%)
Urban	67.5	80.3	83.9	84.3	85.8
Rural	23.5	18.2	15.5	12.8	9.8
Missing	9.0	1.5	0.6	2.9	4.4
Health plan types, (%)
FFS	33.8	6.7	1.6	1.0	1.4
EPO	0.5	0.9	0.7	2.7	1.0
HMO	10.0	23.4	16.1	13.2	10.6
POS	30.0	15.6	9.4	6.1	7.2
PPO	25.2	49.6	66.0	61.5	56.0
CDHP	0.0	1.2	2.5	4.4	10.1
HDHP	0.0	0.0	0.4	4.4	10.1
Missing	0.6	2.6	3.2	6.7	3.5

Abbreviations: CDHP Consumer-directed health plan, EPO Exclusive provider organization, FFS Fee-for-service, HDHP High-deductible health plan, HMO Health maintenance organization, PCV Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, POS Point of service, PPO Preferred provider organization, SD Standard deviation
^aPatients’ demographic characteristics and risk factors were first determined by each calendar year and then combined by PCV periods, assuming each year has distinct patient population. For each calendar year, patients' demographic characteristics were determined at the index episode, which was defined as the first all-cause non-invasive pneumonia episode in the given calendar year
^bPatients’ month and day of birth was imputed as July 1st for all patients. Age at onset was calculated as the difference between condition start date and imputed birth date. Patients with negative age at onset were included in the age 0–1 year cohort. SDs for age in each vaccine period were calculated using the pooled SD of the samples in relevant years

ISSN: 2200-6133