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  1. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a conserved virulence factor essential for Streptococcus pneumoniae attachment to upper respiratory tract (URT) epithelia, is a potential vaccine candidate for preventing co...

    Authors: Jacinta P. Francis, Peter C. Richmond, Audrey Michael, Peter M. Siba, Peter Jacoby, Belinda J. Hales, Wayne R. Thomas, Deborah Lehmann, William S. Pomat and Anita H. J. van den Biggelaar
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Macrolide antibiotics are widely used for a range of indications, including pneumonia. Both high-level and low-level resistance to macrolides is increasing in pneumococci globally. Macrolide resistance in pneu...

    Authors: Allen C. Cheng and Adam W. J. Jenney
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:10
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  8. The role and relationship between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines represents one of the least studied aspects of the pathogenesis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of the present study was to...

    Authors: Stefano Aliberti, Letizia Corinna Morlacchi, Paola Faverio, Rafael Fernandez-Botran, Roberto Cosentini, Marco Mantero, Paula Peyrani, Julio Ramirez, Jose Bordon and Francesco Blasi
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Improved access to healthcare, vaccines and treatment with antibiotics has reduced global mortality from childhood community-acquired pneumonia. However, as respiratory viruses are responsible for most episode...

    Authors: Keith Grimwood, Siew M. Fong, Mong H. Ooi, Anna M. Nathan and Anne B. Chang
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:6
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  11. The aim of this study was to review the current status and usage of guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in European countries and to compare to established guideline...

    Authors: Vytautas Usonis, Rimvydas Ivaskevicius, Javier Diez-Domingo, Susanna Esposito, Oana G. Falup-Pecurariu, Adam Finn, Fernanda Rodrigues, Vana Spoulou, George A. Syrogiannopoulos and David Greenberg
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Neonatal pneumonia is a devastating condition. Most deaths in sub-Saharan Africa can be attributed to preventable diseases, including pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria, which together killed an estimated 2.2 mi...

    Authors: Robin J. Green and Jessica M. Kolberg
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:3
    Content type: Review Published on:

  14. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of presentation to healthcare facilities. The diagnosis of CAP is usually made in patients with suggestive symptoms, signs, and radiological features. A num...

    Authors: Andrew D. Black
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  15. The biggest recent development in pneumonia diagnostics has been the increased availability and use of nucleic acid detection assays, although this change has brought with it new challenges about the interpret...

    Authors: David R. Murdoch
    Citation: Pneumonia 2016 8:1
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  16. The World Health Organization recommends oxygen therapy for children with severe pneumonia, but this essential medicine is unavailable in many health centres in limited-resource settings. To address this need,...

    Authors: Bryn A. Sobott, David J. Peake, James F. P. Black and Roger P. Rassool
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010115
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  17. Each year an estimated 120 million episodes of pneumonia occur in children younger than 5 years of age, resulting in one million deaths globally. Within this age group the lungs are still developing by increas...

    Authors: Keith Grimwood and Anne B. Chang
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010101
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. Recent studies investigating the relationship between the microbiota and disease are demonstrating novel concepts that could significantly alter the way we treat disease and promote health in the future. It is...

    Authors: Ilan J. N. Koppen, Astrid A. T. M. Bosch, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, Marlies A. van Houten and Debby Bogaert
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010090
    Content type: Review Published on:

  19. The composition of the upper respiratory tract microbiome may play an important role in the development of lower respiratory tract infections. Here, we characterised the microbiome of the nasopharynx and oroph...

    Authors: Timothy L. Wiemken, Venkatakrishna Rao Jala, Robert R. Kelley, Paula Peyrani, William A. Mattingly, Forest W. Arnold, Patricio W. Cabral, Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Bodduluri Haribabu and Julio A. Ramirez
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010083
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  20. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and an underlying diagnosis of cancer have worse outcomes. However, the characteristics of cancer patients with CAP admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) are ...

    Authors: Ricardo J. P. José, Ali O. Mohammed, James J. P. Goldring, Rachel C. Chambers, Jeremy S. Brown and Banwari Agarwal
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010077
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  21. Acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia (AFOP) is a histopathologic variant of acute lung injury that has been associated with infection and inflammatory disorders and has been reported as a complication of l...

    Authors: Keith C. Meyer, Jennifer Bierach, Jeffrey Kanne, Jose R. Torrealba and Nilto C. De Oliveira
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010067
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  22. Rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae can play a significant role in decreasing morbidity and mortality of infection. The accurate diagnosis of pneumococcal disease is hampered by the difficulties in growin...

    Authors: Feroze A. Ganaie, Vandana Govindan and K. L. Ravi Kumar
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010057
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  23. Indigenous Australian children have high (up to 90%) rates of nasopharyngeal microbial colonisation and of hospitalisation for pneumonia. In Indigenous children hospitalised with pneumonia in Central Australia...

    Authors: Anne B. Chang, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Theo P. Sloots, Patricia C. Valery, David Whiley, Jemima Beissbarth and Paul J. Torzillo
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010048
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  26. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and haptoglobin (Hp) are known to be involved in pathophysiology. This study was conducted to evaluate their diagnostic significance. We employed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS...

    Authors: Mee-Kyung Cha and Il-Han Kim
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010018
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  27. The replacement of “presumptive treatment for malaria” by “test before treat” strategies for the management of febrile illness is raising awareness of the importance of knowing more about the causes of illness...

    Authors: Florid Muro, Rita Reyburn and Hugh Reyburn
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:6010006
    Content type: Review Published on:

  29. Non-typhi Salmonella enterica infection rarely presents as a pleural empyema, with only 31 cases published in the literature over the last century. We report a case of an 85-year-old female with worsening shortne...

    Authors: Shivanshan Pathmanathan, Suminda Welagedara, Petra Dorrington and Siddharth Sharma
    Citation: Pneumonia 2015 6:BF03371465
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  32. Childhood pneumonia continues to be the number one cause of death in children under five years of age in developing countries. In addition to mortality, pneumonia constitutes an enormous economic and social bu...

    Authors: Jukka Räsänen and Noam Gavriely
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 5(Suppl 1):5010052
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 5 Supplement 1

  33. Despite the importance of paediatric pneumonia as a cause of short and long-term morbidity and mortality worldwide, a reliable gold standard for its diagnosis remains elusive. The utility of clinical, microbio...

    Authors: Kerry-Ann F. O’Grady, Paul J. Torzillo, Kieran Frawley and Anne B. Chang
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 5(Suppl 1):5010038
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 5 Supplement 1

  35. In well-resourced settings the systematic use of rapid diagnostics tests (e.g. pneumococcal urinary antigen test) that define the causal pathogen to direct therapy has not resulted in significantly improved ou...

    Authors: Stephen J. Aston
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 5(Suppl 1):5010008
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 5 Supplement 1

  36. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a common condition associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Outcome is improved by early recognition and rapid institution of empirical antibiotic therap...

    Authors: Dan Wootton and Charles Feldman
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 5(Suppl 1):5010001
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 5 Supplement 1

  37. Australian Aboriginal people have among the highest rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide. We investigated clinical diagnosis, risk factors, comorbidities and vaccine coverage in Aboriginal an...

    Authors: Faye J. Lim, Deborah Lehmann, Aoiffe McLoughlin, Catherine Harrison, Judith Willis, Carolien Giele, Anthony D. Keil and Hannah C. Moore
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 4:4010024
    Content type: Original Article Published on:

  38. Context: The ideal duration of antibiotic treatment for childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has not yet been established. Objective: A literature search was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of shorter ...

    Authors: Shalom Ben-Shimol, Varda Levy-Litan, Oana Falup-Pecurariu and David Greenberg
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 4:4010016
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Pleural effusion is a serious complication of pneumonia, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause. We describe the aetiology of pneumonia with effusion among children in the Dominican Republic before the i...

    Authors: Jesús Feris-Iglesias, Josefina Fernández, Jacqueline Sánchez, Fabiana Pimenta, Chabela Peña, Hilma Coradin, Eddy Perez-Then, Maria Peinado, Angélica Floren, Teresa Del Moral, Dean Erdman, Maria da Gloria Carvalho and Jennifer R. Verani
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 4:4010008
    Content type: Original Article Published on:

  40. This review of pneumonia in the tropics is based on experience with respiratory infectons in Papua New Guinea since the 1970s. It discusses ideas, principles, historical aspects of pneumonia research and the n...

    Authors: Michael P. Alpers
    Citation: Pneumonia 2014 4:4010001
    Content type: Review Published on:
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Pneumonia

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