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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for adult patients

From: Impact of viral multiplex real-time PCR on management of respiratory tract infection: a retrospective cohort study

 

Missing

Total

Viral a

Any virus b

Other c

p-value d

values

(n = 182)

(n = 40)

(n = 46)

(n = 142)

Viral vs. any virus

Viral vs. other

Demographics

 Age, mean years ± SD (range)

 

55.9 ± 16.1 (18–88)

53.6 ± 16.1 (18–83)

53.9 ± 15.9 (18–83)

56.6 ± 16.1 (18–88)

0.93

0.30

 Female sex, n (%)

 

76 (41.8)

14 (35.0)

19 (41.3)

62 (43.7)

0.55

0.33

 Outpatients, n (%)

 

20 (11.0)

5 (12.5)

5 (10.9)

15 (10.6)

1.00

0.92

Comorbidities, n (%)

  

 Asthma

 

13 (7.1)

2 (5.0)

4 (8.7)

11 (7.7)

0.81

0.85

 COPD

 

27 (10.6)

5 (12.5)

7 (15.2)

22 (15.5)

0.72

0.64

 Other chronic lung diseasee

 

26 (14.3)

2 (5.0)

2 (4.3)

24 (16.9)

1.00

0.06

 Solid cancerf

 

25 (13.7)

3 (7.5)

3 (6.5)

22 (15.5)

1.00

0.20

 Hematologic malignancy

 

38 (20.9)

13 (32.5)

15 (32.6)

25 (17.6)

0.99

0.04

 Organ transplantation

 

13 (7.1)

3 (7.5)

3 (6.5)

10 (7.0)

1.00

1.00

 Neutropenia

 

20 (11.0)

9 (22.5)

9 (19.6)

11 (7.7)

0.74

0.03

 HIV infection

 

6 (3.3)

1 (2.5)

2 (4.3)

5 (3.5)

1.00

1.00

 Diabetes mellitus

 

27 (14.8)

6 (15.0)

7 (15.2)

21 (14.8)

0.98

0.97

 Collagen vascular disease/Vasculitis

 

33 (18.1)

4 (10.0)

5 (10.9)

29 (20.4)

1.00

0.13

 Systemic steroids

 

49 (26.9)

11 (27.5)

14 (30.4)

38 (26.8)

0.77

0.93

 Other Immunosuppressiong

 

21 (11.5)

5 (12.5)

6 (13.0)

16 (11.3)

0.94

1.00

 Chronic renal failure

 

45 (24.7)

11 (27.5)

13 (28.3)

34 (23.9)

0.94

0.65

Clinical findings

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD (range)

9

125 ± 24 (63–207)

129 ± 27 (63–207)

128 ± 28 (63–207)

123 ± 22 (67–197)

0.87

0.17

 Heart rate, beats/min, mean ± SD (range)

8

94 ± 20 (51–155)

91 ± 19 (51–150)

94 ± 19 (51–150)

94 ± 20 (56–155)

0.47

0.40

 Respiratory rate, breaths/min, mean ± SD (range)

130

26 ± 9 (10–60)

23 ± 8 (12–36)

27 ± 13 (12–60)

27 ± 10 (10–60)

0.39

0.23

 Body temperature, °C, mean ± SD (range)

20

37.6 ± 1.0 (35.4–42.0)

37.5 ± 0.9 (35.6–39.6)

37.5 ± 0.9 (35.6–39.6)

37.6 ± 1.0 (35.4–42.0)

1.00

0.59

Laboratory findingsh, mean ± SD (range)

 C-reactive protein (maximum), mg/l

13

151 ± 127 (1–500)

159 ± 148 (1–500)

166 ± 152 (1–500)

148 ± 121 (1–499)

0.83

0.64

 White blood cells (maximum), G/l

11

11.5 ± 10.2 (0.0–97.0)

12.2 ± 16.8 (1.8–97.0)

12.6 ± 16.3 (1.8–97.0)

11.3 ± 7.3 (0.0–41.1)

0.91

0.75

 Platelets (minimum), G/l

11

202 ± 128 (4–713)

159 ± 117 (5–513)

165 ± 117 (5–513)

215 ± 129 (4–713)

0.82

0.02

Discharge diagnosis, n (%)

 Bronchitis

 

22 (12.1)

7 (17.5)

7 (15.2)

15 (10.6)

0.78

0.36

 Acute exacerbation of COPD

 

5 (2.7)

1 (2.5)

1 (2.2)

4 (2.8)

1.00

1.00

 Upper respiratory tract infection

 

8 (4.4)

4 (10.0)

4 (8.7)

4 (2.8)

1.00

0.14

 Respiratory tract infection, unspecified

 

7 (3.8)

2 (5.0)

4 (8.7)

5 (3.5)

0.81

0.96

 Community-acquired pneumonia

 

65 (35.7)

21 (52.5)

25 (54.3)

44 (31.0)

0.86

0.01

 Hospital-acquired pneumonia

 

12 (6.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

12 (8.5)

n/a

0.09

 Aspiration pneumonia

 

1 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.7)

n/a

1.00

 Tuberculosis

 

3 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (2.1)

n/a

0.95

 Otheri

 

59 (32.4)

5 (12.5)

5 (10.9)

54 (38.0)

1.00

0.002

  1. °C, degree Celsius, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, n number, SD standard deviation
  2. aCases in which only one or more respiratory viruses were detected
  3. bCases in which one or more respiratory viruses were detected (as single or mixed infection)
  4. cIncludes bacterial etiology, mixed etiology, no pathogen
  5. dFor continuous variables, 2-sample independent t-test was used. For categorical variables, Mantel-Haenszel chi square or Fisher exact test were used
  6. eOther chronic lung diseases, e.g. cystic fibrosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, pulmonary hypertension
  7. fAll solid tumors including bronchial carcinoma
  8. gPatients with one of the following conditions: primary or secondary antibody deficiency, congenital immunodeficiency, immunosuppressive therapy other than steroids, severe malnutrition with cachexia
  9. hHighest/lowest value within a time period of 3 days before and 3 days after date of rtPCR
  10. iOther infections (n = 10); neoplastic diseases (n =6); collagen vascular; other rheumatologic or autoimmune (n = 14); sarcoidosis (n = 3); non-infectious non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases (n = 23); cardiovascular diseases (n = 3)
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Pneumonia

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