Table 1 Toll-like receptors (TLR)
Name | Ligand | Location | Function | Downstream signaling | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TLR1 | Bacterial lipoproteins | Plasma membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |
TLR 2 | Bacterial lipoproteins | Plasma membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |
TLR 3 | dsRNA | Endosomal membrane | IFN-1 | TRAM, TRIF | [28] |
TLR 4 | LPS | Plasma membrane | IFN-1 | TRAM, TRIF | [28] |
TLR 5 | flagellin | Plasma membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |
TLR 6 | Bacterial lipoproteins | Plasma membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |
TLR 7 | ssRNA | Endosomal membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |
TLR 8 | ssRNA | Endosomal membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |
TLR 9 | CpG DNA | Endosomal membrane | Inflammatory cytokine | TIRAP/MAL, MyD88 | [28] |