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Table 3 Comparison of patient baseline characteristics between the bacterial pneumonia (BP) and purely viral pneumonia (VP) groups

From: A high α1-antitrypsin/interleukin-10 ratio predicts bacterial pneumonia in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

Characteristic

BP groupa

VP group

Univariateb

Multivariatec

(N = 108)

(N = 18)

p-value

p-value

Male sex, n (%)

62 (57.4)

10 (55.6)

1

 

Age (years)

75 (66–82)

68 (58–89)

0.786

 

APACHE-II scores

9 (7–12)

12 (9–14)

0.091

 

PSI scores

84 (68–109)

92 (68–127)

0.551

 

Sputum type, n (%)

 P/PM

85 (78.7)

8 (44.4)

0.007

0.004

 M/blank

23 (21.3)

10 (55.6)

  

Sputum-volume scores, n (%)

 0

7 (6.5)

7 (38.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 1 + 

48 (44.4)

8 (44.4)

  

 2 + 

30 (27.8)

3 (16.7)

  

 3 + 

19 (17.6)

0 (0.0)

  

 4 + 

4 (3.7)

0 (0.0)

  

Neutrophils (cells/µL)

9710 (7428–12,465)

6780 (4737–11,100)

0.039

0.038

Lymphocytes (cells/µL)

1072 (770–1565)

924 (667–1325)

0.356

0.360

Platelets (104 cells/µL)

22 (16–28)

19 (16–23)

0.200

0.279

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

123 (71–192)

90 (32–120)

0.055

0.096

IL-6 (pg/mL)

104 (44–234)

62 (42–249)

0.481

0.500

IL-8 (pg/mL) d

8 (8–13)

13 (8–21)

0.033

0.018

IL-10 (pg/mL)

1.2 (0.8–3.1)

5.4 (3.5–8.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

α1-antitrypsin (mg/dL)

222 (189–266)

186 (159–199)

< 0.001

0.002

Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

0.21 (0.08–0.61)

0.14 (0.07–0.28)

0.345

0.420

Presepsin (pg/mL)

241 (156–409)

389 (196–524)

0.211

0.242

Pentraxin 3 (ng/mL)

9 (5–20)

17 (11–28)

0.196

0.323

Random plasma glucose (mg/dL)

123 (109–155)

128 (116–153)

0.461

0.411

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

5.8 (5.6–6.4)

5.9 (5.7–6.4)

0.858

0.569

Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)

24 (18–33)

31 (23–54)

0.201

0.371

Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)

19 (13–29)

18 (12–43)

0.960

0.697

Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)

243 (198–314)

243 (180–316)

0.841

0.848

γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L)

28 (18–49)

43 (20–69)

0.198

0.112

Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)

214 (180–262)

233 (178–275)

0.571

0.519

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.80 (0.50–1.08)

0.65 (0.4–1.00)

0.071

0.068

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

17 (12–23)

17 (11–26)

0.911

0.742

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.83 (0.67–1.04)

0.95 (0.78–1.01)

0.270

0.354

  1. Values are presented as median (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated
  2. APACHE-II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, IL interleukin, M mucous, PSI pneumonia severity index, P purulent, PM purulent-mucous
  3. aBP group consisted of patients with purely bacterial pneumonia and mixed bacterial–viral pneumonia
  4. bContinuous variables were compared using Mann–Whitney U test, whereas binary variables were compared employing Fisher’s exact test
  5. cEach variable was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for sex and age
  6. dDetection limit for IL-8 was 8 pg/mL
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Pneumonia

ISSN: 2200-6133

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