Table 2 General characteristics of 124 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and comparison between pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (P-CAP) episodes and non P-CAP episodes

 Age (years)*

70.5 (57–81)

68 (53.5–79)

74 (57–83)

0.15

 Gender, male

78 (62.9)

39 (68.4)

39 (58.2)

0.24

 Current smoker

31 (25)

16 (28.1)

15 (22.4)

0.47

 Former smoker

45 (36.3)

22 (38.6)

23 (34.3)

0.62

 Alcohol abuse

17 (13.7)

7 (12.3)

10 (14.9)

0.67

 BMI, mean (SD)

26.6 (4.76)

25.6 (4.6)

27.1 (4.8)

0.09

 Influenza vaccine

50 (40.3)

22 (38.6)

28 (41.8)

0.72

 Pneumococcal vaccine

17 (13.7)

7 (12.3)

10 (14.9)

0.67

 Charlson score*

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2.5)

1 (0–2)

0.66

 Immunosuppression ¹

5 (4)

3 (5.26)

2 (2.99)

0.66

 Prior antibiotic treatment ²

19 (15.3)

6 (10.5)

13 (19.4)

0.17

 Pre-hospital antibiotic treatment ³

18 (14.5)

8 (14)

10 (14.9)

0.89

 Time from symptom onset to ED visit (hours)*

72 (48–120)

48 (24–96)

72 (48–144)

0.01

 Fever (≥ 38 °C)

51 (41.1)

28 (50.9)

23 (34.3)

0.1

 Dyspnoea

90 (72.6)

39 (68.4)

51 (76.1)

0.34

 Tachypnea (≥ 20 rpm)

87 (78.4)

44 (83)

43 (74.1)

0.26

 Cough

109 (87.9)

52 (91.2)

57 (85.1)

0.3

 Purulent sputum

55 (44.4)

22 (38.6)

33 (49.3)

0.23

 Pleuritical chest pain

43 (34.7)

28 (49.1)

15 (22.4)

0.002

 Septic shock

20 (16.3)

12 (21.1)

8 (12.2)

0.18

 Respiratory failure

73 (59.4)

32 (56.1)

41 (62.1)

0.5

 Severe CAP ⁴

23 (18.5)

12 (21.1)

11 (16.4)

0.68

 PSI classes*

3 (2–4)

4 (3–4)

3 (2–4)

0.42

 CURB-65 score*

1 (1–2)

2 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.29

 Co-infection

39 (31.5)

29 (50.9)

10 (14,9)

< 0.001

 Time to clinical stability (days)*

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

2 (1–3.5)

0.33

 ICU admission

11 (8.87)

4 (7.02)

7 (10.5)

0.51

 Need for mechanical ventilation

6 (5.84)

1 (1.75)

5 (7.46)

0.28

 Length of hospital stay (days)*

6 (3–10)

6 (4.5–9)

6 (2–10)

0.78

 In-hospital mortality

1 (0.81)

0

1 (1.49)

1