Table 1 Epidemiological and baseline characteristics of the sample

Age

54.37 ± 14.67

63.44 ± 11.42

53.74 ± 14.66

<0.0001^a

BMI

29.52 ± 5.87

29.82 ± 5.37

29.49 ± 5.90

0.5407^a

ComS ^b

1.06 ± 1.15

1.63 ± 1.25

1.02 ± 1.13

0.0004^c

PRS ^d

1.01 ± 1.55

3.75 ± 1.43

0.82 ± 1.37

<0.0001^c

VC [%predicted]

100.52 ± 16.30

86.93 ± 17.25

101.48 ± 15.80

<0.0001^c

FEV1/VC [%]

79.61 ± 6.80

79.96 ± 7.75

79.58 ± 6.73

0.2795^c

TLC [%predicted]

105.37 ± 15.70

90.78 ± 16.36

106.40 ± 15.14

<0.0001^c

RV [%predicted]

126.04 ± 30.42

108.24 ± 28.88

127.29 ± 30.14

<0.0001^c

DLCOc [%predicted]

79.62 ± 16.53

57.69 ± 15.94

81.13 ± 15.46

<0.0001^c

KCOc [%predicted]

89.00 ± 14.78

79.31 ± 16.00

89.67 ± 14.46

<0.0001^c

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p -value ^e

Male sex

919 (45.36%)

85 (64.89%)

834 (44.01%)

<0.0001

 mild

1046 (51.63%)

7 (5.34%)

1039 (54.83%)

<0.0001

 moderate

433 (21.37%)

27 (20.61%)

406 (21.42%)

0.9812

 severe

513 (25.32%)

93 (70.99%)

420 (22.16%)

<0.0001

 dyspnea

1056 (52.12%)

105 (80.15%)

951 (50.18%)

<0.0001

 cough

616 (30.40%)

48 (36.64%)

568 (29.97%)

0.1384