Perrine CG, Pickens CM, Boehmer TK, King BA, Jones CM, DeSisto CL, et al. Characteristics of a multistate outbreak of lung injury associated with E-cigarette use, or Vaping - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(39):860–4..
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Orellana-Barrios MA, Payne D, Mulkey Z, Nugent K. Electronic cigarettes—a narrative review for clinicians. Am J Med. 2015;128(7):674–81.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gotts JE, Jordt SE, McConnell R, Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? BMJ. 2019;366:1–16.
Google Scholar
US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Preventing tobaco use among youth and young adults: A report of the surgeon general. Surg Gen Report, 2016 [Internet]. 2016; Available from: https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Full_Report_non-508.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2020.
Hajek P, Etter J-F, Benowitz N, Eissenberg T, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction. 2014;109(11):1801–10.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Ribisl KM, Bullen C, Chaloupka F, Piano MR, et al. Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;130(16):1418–36.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhu S-H, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, Cummins SE, Gamst A, Yin L, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control. 2014;23 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):iii3–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(2):133–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57987.
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Jonas A, Raj R. Vaping-related Acute Parenchymal Lung Injury: A Systematic Review. CHEST J [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://browzine.com/articles/389438362. Accessed 29 Aug 2020.
Sommerfeld CG, Weiner DJ, Nowalk A, Larkin A. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome from e-cigarette use. Pediatrics. 2018;141(6):1–6. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/lens/pediatrics/141/6/e20163927.
Atkins G, Drescher F. Acute Inhalational Lung Injury Related to the Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS). Chest. 2015;148(4):83A. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.2281610.
Article
Google Scholar
McCauley L, Markin C, Hosmer D. An Unexpected Consequence of Electronic Cigarette Use. Chest. 2012;141(4):1110–3. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-1334.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Modi S, Sangani R, Alhajhusain A. Acute lipoid pneumonia secondary to E-cigarettes use: an unlikely replacement for cigarettes. Chest J. 2015;148:382A.
Google Scholar
Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, Kimball A, Layer M, Tenforde MW, et al. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin - final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):903–16.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krishnasamy VP, Hallowell BD, Ko JY, Board A, Hartnett KP, Salvatore PP, et al. Update: characteristics of a Nationwide outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury - United States, august 2019-January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(3):90–4.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products. [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html#latest-information.
Cullen KA, Gentzke AS, Sawdey MD, Chang JT, Anic GM, Wang TW, et al. e-cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019. JAMA. 2019;322(21):2095–103.
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Butt YM, Smith ML, Tazelaar HD, Vaszar LT, Swanson KL, Cecchini MJ, et al. Pathology of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury. New Engl J Med. 2019;381:1780–1.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thota D, Latham E. Case report of electronic cigarettes possibly associated with eosinophilic pneumonitis in a previously healthy active-duty sailor. J Emerg Med. 2014;47(1):15–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Viswam D, Trotter S, Burge PS, Walters GI. Respiratory failure caused by lipoid pneumonia from vaping e-cigarettes. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:1–4. https://casereports-bmj-com.ezproxy.bu.edu/content/2018/bcr-2018-224350.long.
Hutzler C, Paschke M, Kruschinski S, Henkler F, Hahn J, Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol. 2014;88(7):1295–308.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation. 2014;129(19):1972–86.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Olmedo P, Goessler W, Tanda S, Grau-Perez M, Jarmul S, Aherrera A, et al. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samples: the contribution of metallic coils. Environ Health Perspect. 2018;126(2):27010.
Google Scholar
Giroud C, de Cesare M, Berthet A, Varlet V, Concha-Lozano N, Favrat B. E-cigarettes: a review of new trends in Cannabis use. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(8):9988–10008.
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Madison MC, Landers CT, Gu B-H, Chang C-Y, Tung H-Y, You R, et al. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4290–304.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Christiani DC. Vaping-Induced Acute Lung Injury. New Engl J Med. 2020;382:960–2.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ghinai I, Pray IW, Navon L, O’Laughlin K, Saathoff-Huber L, Hoots B, et al. E-cigarette product use, or Vaping, among persons with associated lung injury - Illinois and Wisconsin, April-September 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(39):865–9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697–705.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Morel-Espinosa M, Rees J, Sosnoff C, Cowan E, et al. Evaluation of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in an outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury - 10 states, august-October 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(45):1040–1.
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Taylor J, Wiens T, Peterson J, Saravia S, Lunda M, Hanson K, et al. Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, products used by patients with associated lung injury and products seized by law enforcement - Minnesota, 2018 and 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(47):1096–100.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Beattie JR, Schock BC. Identifying the spatial distribution of vitamin E, pulmonary surfactant and membrane lipids in cells and tissue by confocal Raman microscopy. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;579:513–35.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Wu D, O’Shea DF. Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(12):6349–55.
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Schier JG, Meiman JG, Layden J, Mikosz CA, VanFrank B, King BA, et al. Severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic-cigarette-product use - interim guidance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(36):787–90.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Adams TN, Butt YM, Batra K, Glazer CS. Cobalt related interstitial lung disease. Respir Med. 2017;129:91–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agustin M, Yamamoto M, Cabrera F, Eusebio R. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Induced by Vaping. Case Rep Pulmonol. 2018;2018:9724530.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Davidson K, Brancato A, Heetderks P, Mansour W, Matheis E, Nario M, et al. Outbreak of electronic-cigarette-associated acute lipoid pneumonia - North Carolina, July-august 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(36):784–6.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Henry TS, Kanne JP, Kligerman SJ. Imaging of Vaping-Associated Lung Disease. New Engl J Med. 2019;381:1486–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khan MS, Khateeb F, Akhtar J, Khan Z, Lal A, Kholodovych V, et al. Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: a case report and review of literature. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(3):1295–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maddock SD, Cirulis MM, Callahan SJ, Keenan LM, Pirozzi CS, Raman SM, et al. Pulmonary Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Vaping. New Engl J Med. 2019;381:1488–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Siegel DA, Jatlaoui TC, Koumans EH, Kiernan EA, Layer M, Cates JE, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers evaluating and caring for patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury — United States, October 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;19(12):3420–8.
Google Scholar
Hashim MJ. Patient-centered communication: basic skills. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(1):29–34.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jatlaoui TC, Wiltz JL, Kabbani S, Siegel DA, Koppaka R, Montandon M, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury - United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(46):1081–6.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kligerman S, Raptis C, Larsen B, Henry TS, Caporale A, Tazelaar H, et al. Radiologic, pathologic, clinical, and physiologic findings of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI): evolving knowledge and remaining questions. Radiology. 2020;294(2):491–505.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pambuccian SE. Testing for lipid-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to diagnose vaping-associated pulmonary injury. Are we there yet? J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2020;9(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2019.10.002.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baughman RP, Rennard SI. Bronchoalveolar lavage: general approaches to correct for variability of dilution and lung permeability. Eur Respir Rev. 1999;9(66):28–31.
Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay S, Mehrad M, Dammert P, Arrossi AV, Sarda R, Brenner DS, et al. Lung biopsy findings in severe pulmonary illness associated with E-cigarette use (Vaping): a report of eight cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020;153(1):30–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baxter RD, Vaquera K, George TJ. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Vaping-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Ann Thoracic Surg. 2020;110:e193–4.
Google Scholar
Aldy K, Cao DJ, McGetrick M, Willcutts D, Verbeck G, De Silva I, et al. Severe E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use associated lung injury requiring Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr Crit care Med. 2020;21(4):385–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rao DR, Maple KL, Dettori A, Afolabi F, Francis JKR, Artunduaga M, et al. Clinical Features of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury in Teenagers. Pediatrics. 2020;146(1):1–12. https://pediatrics-aappublications-org.ezproxy.bu.edu/content/pediatrics/146/1/e20194104.full.pdf.
Triantafyllou GA, Tiberio PJ, Zou RH, Lamberty PE, Lynch MJ, Kreit JW, et al. Vaping-associated Acute Lung Injury: A Case Series. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200:1430–1.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scott A, Lugg ST, Aldridge K, Lewis KE, Bowden A, Mahida RY, et al. Pro-inflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapour condensate on human alveolar macrophages. Thorax. 2018;73(12):1161–9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Choe J, Chen P, Falk JA, Nguyen L, Ng D, Parimon T, et al. A Case Series of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury Requiring Mechanical Ventilation. Criti Care Explorations. 2020;2:e0079.
Google Scholar
Blagev DP, Harris D, Dunn AC, Guidry DW, Grissom CK, Lanspa MJ. Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2019;394(10214):2073–83.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mikosz CA, Danielson M, Anderson KN, Pollack LA, Currie DW, Njai R, et al. Characteristics of patients experiencing Rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge in a Nationwide outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;68(5152):1183–8.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Parikh R, Belok SH, O’Donnell C, Wakeman CB, Mishuris RG, Potter J, et al. Implementation of a multi-disciplinary team focused on providing Comprehensive Care for Patients Suffering from Vaping-related illness. In: A22 CURRENT TOPICS IN TOBACCO CESSATION AND E-CIGARETTES [internet]. American Thoracic Society; 2020. p. A1077–A1077. (American Thoracic Society international conference abstracts). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1077. Accessed 29 Aug 2020.
CDC - State and Territorial Health Department Websites. https://www.cdc.gov/publichealthgateway/healthdirectories/healthdepartments.html. Accessed 29 Aug 2020.
Resources and Publications [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease/resources/#hcp. Accessed 29 Aug 2020.
Tobacco 21. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2020.
Google Scholar